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The purpose of this paper is primarily to address the cold weather operation of open-circuit cooling towers associated with water cooled chiller systems, including those with waterside economizers. Closed-circuit cooling towers and evaporative condensers have special requirements that are not covered in this paper.

When placing a cooling tower into long term storage (generally considered one month or longer) there are some basic but critical maintenance steps.

横流和逆流是描述流经冷却塔的空气如何与被冷却的工艺水相互作用以及它们的根本区别的两种方式。

These storage guidelines are for field-erected cooling towers and other “knockdown” (KD) cooling towers to be stored at the jobsite beyond three weeks before being assembled.

All evaporative cooling products, where air and water come into direct contact, experience some level of drift. Drift is defined as liquid water droplets from the recirculating flow entrained in the discharge air stream.

Water consumed by cooling towers due to evaporation, drift and blowdown can be a concern.